Strengthened glass articles exhibiting improved headform impact performance and automotive interior systems incorporating the same

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of this disclosuer pertain to glass articles that comprise a maximum CS magnitude (CS max ) of about 900 MPa or greater, a CS magnitude of 750 MPa or greater at a depth of about 5 micrometers, and a maximum CT magnitude (CT max ) disposed at a depth from the first major surface in a range from about 0.25 t to about 0.75 t. Embodiments of a curved glass article are also disclosed. In one or more embodiments, such curved glass articles include the first major concave surface comprising a maximum radius of curvature of about 100 mm or greater and a first maximum CS value (CS max1 ) greater than about 800 MPa, a second major convex surface comprising a second maximum CS value (CS max2 ), wherein the CS max2  is less than CS max1 . Embodiments of an automotive interior system including such curved glass articles and methods of making glass articles are also disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of and claims the benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/656,914, filedOct. 18, 2019, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/747,361 filed on Oct.18, 2018 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/788,327 filed onJan. 04, 2019, the contents of which are relied upon and incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The disclosure relates to strengthened glass articles exhibitingimproved headform impact performance and automotive interior systemsincorporating such articles, and more particularly to strengthened glassarticles having a stress profile that results in improved headformimpact performance when used in automotive interior systems.

Automotive interiors systems can include curved surfaces thatincorporate displays and/or touch panel. The materials used to formcover glass for such curved surfaces are typically limited to polymers,which do not exhibit the durability and optical performance of glass. Assuch, curved glass articles are desirable, especially when used ascovers for displays and/or touch panels. In addition, automotiveinteriors systems typically need to rigorous headform impact testrequirements. In some instances, the curved glass articles used in theautomotive interiors systems should not break after being impacted inthe headform impact test. Accordingly, there is a need for glassarticles with properties that result in automotive interior systemsexhibiting improved headform impact performance, automotive interiorsystems that incorporate such glass articles and methods for formingsuch glass articles.

SUMMARY

A first aspect of this disclosure pertains to a glass articlecomprising: a first major surface, a second major surface opposing thefirst major surface, a minor surface connecting the first major surfaceand the second major surface defining a thickness (t) (millimeters); acompressive stress (CS) region extending from the first major surface toa depth of compression (DOC), the CS region comprising a maximum CSmagnitude (CS_(max)) of about 900 MPa or greater and a CS magnitude of750 MPa or greater ate a depth of about 5 micrometers; and a centraltension (CT) region having a maximum CT magnitude (CT_(max)) disposed ata depth from the first major surface in a range from about 0.25 t toabout 0.75 t, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stressprofile along the thickness. In one or more embodiments, the CT_(max)magnitude is about 80 MPa or less.

A second aspect of this disclosure pertains to a curved glass articlecomprising a first major concave surface, a second major convex surfaceopposing the first major concave surface, a minor surface connecting thefirst major concave surface and the second major convex surface defininga thickness (t) (millimeters); the first major concave surfacecomprising a maximum radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater orabout 100 mm or greater and a first compressive stress (CS) regionextending from the first major concave surface to a first depth ofcompressive stress (DOC₁), the first CS region having a first maximum CSvalue (CS_(max1)) of greater than about 800 MPa; the second major convexsurface comprising a second CS region extending from the second majorconvex surface to a second depth of compressive stress (DOC₂), thesecond CS region having a second maximum CS value (CSmax2); a centraltension (CT) region disposed between the first CS region and the secondCS region having a maximum CT value (CT_(curved-max)), wherein the CSregion and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness;wherein the CSmax₂ is less than CSmax₁. In one or more embodiments, DOC₁differs from DOC₂.

A third aspect of this disclosure pertains to an automotive interiorsystem comprising: a base; and a glass article according to one or moreembodiments of the first aspect or second aspect disposed on the base,and wherein, when an impactor having a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the firstmajor surface at an impact velocity of 5.35 m/s to 6.69 m/s, thedeceleration of the impactor is 120 g (g-force) or less. In one or moreembodiments, the deceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 gfor any 3 ms interval over a time of impact. In one or more embodiments,when the impactor breaks the glass article, the glass article ejectsparticles having a maximum dimension of 1 mm or less at 10 mm or lessfor the glass article.

A fourth aspect of this disclosure pertains to an automotive interiorsystem comprising: a base; and a glass article according to one or moreembodiments of the first aspect disposed on the base, and wherein, whenan impactor having a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface atan impact velocity of 5.35 m/s to 6.69 m/s, the glass article iselastically deformed.

A fifth aspect of this disclosure pertains to an automotive interiorsystem comprising: a frame; and a glass article according to one or moreembodiments of the second aspect disposed on the frame, wherein, when animpactor having a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface at animpact velocity of 5.35 m/s to 6.69 m/s, the glass article iselastically deformed.

A sixth aspect of this disclosure pertains to a method for forming aglass article comprising: strengthening a glass sheet having a firstmajor surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connectingthe first major surface and the second major surface defining athickness (t) to provide a first strengthened glass article according toone or more embodiments of the first aspect.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detaileddescription which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing theembodiments as described herein, including the detailed descriptionwhich follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are merely exemplary, and areintended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the natureand character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included toprovide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitutea part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or moreembodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explainprinciples and operation of the various embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a glass article according to one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 2 is an exemplary stress profile of the glass article shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary stress profile of the glass article shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a curved glass article according to one or moreembodiments.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an automotive interior system accordingto one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6A and 6B are bar charts showing measured maximum compressivestress and depth of layer values for a strengthened glass article ofExample 1, after cold-bending to various radii of curvature.

FIG. 6C is a bar chart showing the measured maximum central tension ofthe strengthened glass article of FIGS. 6A and 6B.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the stress profile of the glass article ofExample 2.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the bend induced stress for the glass articleof Example 2, when bent to a radius of curvature of 350 mm.

FIG. 9 is the superimposed stress profile of FIG. 7 and the graph ofFIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the stress profile of the glass article ofComparative Example 3.

FIG. 11 is the superimposed stress profile of FIG. 10 and the graph ofFIG. 8.

FIG. 12 is a graph comparing the CTcurved-max values of Example 2 andComparative Example 3 for various radii of curvature.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the stress profile of the glass article ofExample 4.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the bend induced stress for the glass articleof Example 4, when bent to a radius of curvature of 250 mm.

FIG. 15 is the superimposed stress profile of FIG. 13 and the graph ofFIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the stress profile of the glass article ofComparative Example 5.

FIG. 17 is the superimposed stress profile of FIG. 16 and the graph ofFIG. 14.

FIG. 18 is a graph comparing the longest distance of particle projectionof glass articles exhibiting various CTcurved-max/CTuncurved-max ratios.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing the stress profile of Example 6.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing the stress profile of Example 7.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing the stress profile of Example 8.

FIG. 22 is the superimposed stress profiles of Example 7 and Example 8.

FIG. 23 is a side view illustration of the automotive interior systemsof Example 9 and Comparative Examples 10-11.

FIGS. 24A, 24B and 24C are images of the automotive interior of Example9 before impact, during impact and after impact with an aluminumimpactor.

FIGS. 25A, 25B and 25C are images of the automotive interior ofComparative Example 10 before impact, during impact and after impactwith an aluminum impactor.

FIGS. 26A, 26B and 26C are images of the automotive interior ofComparative Example 11 before impact, during impact and after impactwith an aluminum impactor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples ofwhich are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

As used herein, the term “glass article” is used in its broadest senseto include any object made wholly or partly of glass. Glass articlesinclude laminates of glass and non-glass materials, laminates of glassand crystalline materials, and glass-ceramics (which include anamorphous phase and a crystalline phase). Unless otherwise specified,all glass compositions are expressed in terms of mole percent (mol %)onan oxide basis.

A “stress profile” is a plot of stress with respect to position of aglass article. A compressive stress (CS) region, where the glass articleis under compressive stress, extends from a first surface to a depth ofcompression (DOC) of the article. A central tension region extends fromthe DOC into the central portion of the glass article and includes theregion where the glass article is under tensile stress.

As used herein, depth of compression (DOC) refers to the depth at whichthe stress within the glass article changes from compressive to tensilestress. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive)stress to a negative (tensile) stress and thus exhibits a stress valueof zero. According to the convention normally used in mechanical arts,compression is expressed as a negative (<0) stress and tension isexpressed as a positive (>0) stress. Throughout this description,however, compressive stress (CS) and central tension (CT) is expressedas a positive or absolute value—i.e., as recited herein, CS=|CS | andCT=|CT|. Maximum central tension (maximum CT or CT_(max)) refers to themaximum tensile stress in the central tension region. Maximumcompressive stress (maximum CS or CT_(max)) refers to the maximum CSstress in the CS region.

A “knee” of a stress profile is a depth of a glass article where theslope of the stress profile transitions from steep to gradual. The kneemay refer to a transition area over a span of depths where the slope ischanging.

As used herein, the terms “depth of exchange”, “depth of layer” (DOL),“chemical depth of layer”, and “depth of chemical layer” may be usedinterchangeably, describing in general the depth at which ion exchangefacilitated by an ion exchange process (IOX) takes place for aparticular ion. DOL refers to the depth within a glass article (i.e.,the distance from a surface of the glass article to its interior region)at which an ion of a metal oxide or alkali metal oxide (e.g., the metalion or alkali metal ion) diffuses into the glass article where theconcentration of the ion reaches a minimum value, as determined by GlowDischarge-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES)). In some embodiments,the DOL is given as the depth of exchange of the slowest-diffusing orlargest ion introduced by an ion exchange (IOX) process.

Unless otherwise specified, CT and CS are expressed herein inmegaPascals (MPa), thickness is express in millimeters and DOC and DOLare expressed in microns (micrometers).

CS at the surface is measured by surface stress meter (FSM) usingcommercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000, manufactured byOrihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurements relyupon the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC),which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn ismeasured according to Procedure C (Glass Disc Method) described in ASTMstandard C770-16, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement ofGlass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The maximum CT value is measured using a scattered light polariscope(SCALP) technique known in the art.

DOC may be measured by FSM or SCALP depending on the ion exchangetreatment. Where the stress in the glass article is generated byexchanging potassium ions into the glass article, FSM is used to measureDOC. Where the stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into theglass article, SCALP is used to measure DOC. Where the stress in theglass article is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ionsinto the glass, the DOC is measured by SCALP, since it is believed theexchange depth of sodium indicates the DOC and the exchange depth ofpotassium ions indicates a change in the magnitude of the compressivestress (but not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); theexchange depth (or DOL) of potassium ions in such glass articles ismeasured by FSM.

Refracted near-field (RNF) method may also be used to measure attributesof the stress profile. When the RNF method is utilized, the maximum CTvalue provided by SCALP is utilized. In particular, the stress profilemeasured by the RNF method is force balanced and calibrated to themaximum CT value provided by a SCALP measurement. The RNF method isdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,854,623, entitled “Systems and methods formeasuring a profile characteristic of a glass sample”, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In particular, the RNFmethod includes placing the glass article adjacent to a reference block,generating a polarization-switched light beam that is switched betweenorthogonal polarizations at a rate of between 1 Hz and 50 Hz, measuringan amount of power in the polarization-switched light beam andgenerating a polarization-switched reference signal, wherein themeasured amounts of power in each of the orthogonal polarizations arewithin 50% of each other. The method further includes transmitting thepolarization-switched light beam through the glass sample and referenceblock for different depths into the glass sample, then relaying thetransmitted polarization-switched light beam to a signal photodetectorusing a relay optical system, with the signal photodetector generating apolarization-switched detector signal. The method also includes dividingthe detector signal by the reference signal to form a normalizeddetector signal and determining the profile characteristic of the glasssample from the normalized detector signal.

It is noted that the terms “substantially” and “about” may be utilizedherein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may beattributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or otherrepresentation. These terms are also utilized herein to represent thedegree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a statedreference without resulting in a change in the basic function of thesubject matter at issue.

Aspects of this disclosure pertains to a glass article that are suitablefor use as cover glass in automotive interiors systems. The phrase“automotive interiors” includes the interiors of trains, automobiles(e.g., cars, trucks, buses and the like), seacraft (boats, ships,submarines, and the like), and aircraft (e.g., drones, airplanes, jets,helicopters and the like). In one or more embodiments, the glassarticles may be used in a curved configuration.

The glass articles may be curved into a curved shape or configurationusing hot forming methods known in the art or may be cold-bent. As usedherein, the terms “cold-bent,” or “cold-bending” refers to curving theglass article at a cold-bend temperature which is less than thesoftening point of the glass. Often, the cold-bend temperature is roomtemperature. The term “cold-bendable” refers to the capability of aglass article to be cold-bent. A feature of a cold-bent glass article isasymmetric surface compressive stress between the first major surface210 and the second major surface 220 (as shown in FIG. 4). In one ormore embodiments, prior to the cold-bending process or being cold-bent,the respective compressive stresses in the first major surface 210 andthe second major surface 220 of the glass article are substantiallyequal. In one or more embodiments in which the glass article isunstrengthened, the first major surface 210 and the second major surface220 exhibit no appreciable compressive stress, prior to cold-bending. Inone or more embodiments in which the glass article is strengthened (asdescribed herein), the first major surface 210 and the second majorsurface 220 exhibit substantially equal compressive stress with respectto one another, prior to cold-bending. In one or more embodiments, aftercold-bending, the CS on the surface having a concave shape aftercold-bending (e.g., first major surface 210) increases, while the CS onthe surface having a convex shape after cold-bending (e.g., the secondmajor surface 220) decreases. In other words, the compressive stress onthe concave surface (e.g., first major surface 210) is greater aftercold-bending than before cold-bending. Without being bound by theory,the cold-bending process increases the compressive stress of the glassarticle being shaped to compensate for tensile stresses imparted duringcold-bending. In one or more embodiments, the cold-bending processcauses the concave surface (second major surface 220) to experiencecompressive stresses, while the surface forming a convex shape (i.e.,the second major surface 220 in FIG. 4) after cold-bending experiencestensile stresses. The tensile stress experienced by the convex (i.e.,the second major surface 220 following cold-bending results in a netdecrease in surface compressive stress, such that the compressive stressin convex surface (i.e., the second major surface 220) of a strengthenedglass article following cold-bending is less than the compressive stresson the same surface (i.e., second major surface 220) when the glassarticle is flat.

As used herein, thickness (t) as used herein refers to the maximumthickness of the glass article.

In known glass articles, a stress profile may be generated by a chemicalstrengthening processes and can have an error function profile shape. Insuch known glass articles, the CT region includes a maximum centraltension magnitude that, when the glass article is curved, causes theautomotive interior system to exhibit poor headform impact performance.In addition, such known glass articles tend break in the headform impacttests.

In some instances, the known glass articles are cold-bent to have acurved shape and such cold-bending causes the maximum CT magnitude toincrease to unacceptably high value, when the CT generated fromstrengthening is superimposed on the cold-bend induced stresses.

Aspects of this disclosure pertain to strengthened glass articles thathave stress profiles that, when cold-bent, result in a significantlylower maximum central tension magnitude than known glass articles withtypical complementary error function stress profiles.

The maximum bend induced stress is given by Equation (1):

Equation (1):

σ_(max)=(E/1−v ²)*(t/2)*(1/R),

where E is Young's modulus, v is Poisson's ratio, t is thickness, and Ris bend radius.

The stress through the thickness of a glass article is given by Equation(2):

Equation (2):

σ=σ_(max)−(σ_(max)/(t/2))

This expression shows that the tensile stress is greatest on the surfaceand decreases linearly to the center of the glass. When the cold-bendinga strengthened glass article, this bend induced stress is superimposedwith the stress profile imparted from strengthening (e.g., by chemicalstrengthening processes, such as ion exchange). If the magnitude of themaximum CT from the strengthening is near or closer to a major surface(as it is with complementary error function profiles), the resultantmagnitude of the maximum CT following cold-bending becomes very highsince the bend induced tension is also greatest near the major surface.

As will be described in terms of the various embodiments of the glassarticle described herein, if the magnitude of the maximum CT fromstrengthening is positioned toward center of the glass article, theresultant magnitude of the maximum CT following cold-bending issubstantially lower. Such curved glass articles exhibit superiorheadform impact performance. In particular, maintaining the magnitude ofthe maximum CT of such curved glass articles to a lower value reduces orprevents fragmentation behavior of the glass article at failure, andresults in improved headform impact performance.

A first aspect of this disclosure pertains to a glass article 100 thatincludes a first major surface 102, a second major surface 104 opposingthe first major surface, a minor surface 106 connecting the first majorsurface and the second major surface defining a thickness (t)(millimeters), as illustrated in FIG. 1. In one or more embodiments, theglass article is in a substantially flat configuration (e.g., having aradius of curvature of about 5000 mm or greater) or a permanently curvedconfiguration. In one or more embodiments, the glass article 100 may becold-bent into a curved configuration.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the glass article has a CS region 110,extending from the first major surface 102 to a first depth ofcompression (DOC1) 114. The CS region includes a maximum CS magnitude(CS_(max)) 116. The glass article has a CT region 112 disposed in thecentral region. In the embodiment shown, the CT region extends from theDOC to an opposing CS region 110. The CT region defines a maximum CTmagnitude (CTmax) 118. The CS region and the CT region define a stressprofile that extends along the thickness of the glass article.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be strengthenedmechanically by utilizing a mismatch of the coefficient of thermalexpansion between portions of the article to create a compressive stressregion and a central region exhibiting a tensile stress. In someembodiments, the glass article may be strengthened thermally by heatingthe glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and thenrapidly quenching.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be chemicallystrengthening by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at ornear the surface of the glass article are replaced by—or exchangedwith—larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In thoseembodiments in which the glass article comprises an alkalialuminosilicate glass, ions in the surface layer of the article and thelarger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li+, Na+, K+,Rb+, and Cs+. Alternatively, monovalent cations in the surface layer maybe replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations,such as Ag+ or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (orcations) exchanged into the glass article generate a stress.

Ion exchange processes are typically carried out by immersing a glassarticle in one or more molten salt baths containing the larger ions tobe exchanged with the smaller ions in the glass article. It should benoted that aqueous salt baths may also be utilized. In addition, thecomposition of the bath(s) may include more than one type of larger ion(e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. It will be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that parameters for the ion exchange process,including, but not limited to, bath composition and temperature,immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass article in a saltbath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such asannealing, washing, and the like, are generally determined by thecomposition of the glass article (including the structure of the articleand any crystalline phases present) and the desired CS, DOC and CTvalues of the glass article that results from strengthening. Exemplarymolten bath composition may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides ofthe larger alkali metal ion. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO₃,LiNO3, NaSO4 and combinations thereof. The temperature of the moltensalt bath typically is in a range from about 380° C. up to about 450°C., while immersion times range from about 15 minutes up to about 100hours depending on glass article thickness, bath temperature and glass(or monovalent ion) diffusivity. However, temperatures and immersiontimes different from those described above may also be used.

In one or more embodiments, the glass articles may be immersed in amolten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 andKNO₃ having a temperature from about 370° C. to about 480° C. In someembodiments, the glass article may be immersed in a molten mixed saltbath including from about 1% to about 99% KNO₃ and from about 1% toabout 99% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, the glass article may beimmersed in a second bath, after immersion in a first bath. The firstand second baths may have different compositions and/or temperaturesfrom one another. The immersion times in the first and second baths mayvary. For example, immersion in the first bath may be longer than theimmersion in the second bath.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be immersed in amolten, mixed salt bath including NaNO3 and KNO₃ (e.g., 49%/51%,50%/50%, 51%/49%) having a temperature less than about 420° C. (e.g.,about 400° C. or about 380° C.). for less than about 5 hours, or evenabout 4 hours or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass article isimmersed in a first mixed molten salt bath (e.g., 75% KNO3/25% NaNO3)having a temperature of 430° C. for 8 hours, and then immersed in asecond pure molten salt bath of KNO₃ having a lower temperature than thefirst mixed molten salt bath for a shorter duration (e.g., about 4hours).

Ion exchange conditions can be tailored to provide a “spike” or toincrease the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of theresulting glass article. The spike may result in a greater surface CSvalue. This spike can be achieved by single bath or multiple baths, withthe bath(s) having a single composition or mixed composition, due to theunique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass articlesdescribed herein.

In one or more embodiments, where more than one monovalent ion isexchanged into the glass article, the different monovalent ions mayexchange to different depths within the glass article (and generatedifferent magnitudes stresses within the glass article at differentdepths). The resulting relative depths of the stress-generating ions canbe determined and cause different characteristics of the stress profile.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a CSmax that is about900 MPa or greater, about 920 MPa or greater, about 940 MPa or greater,about 950 MPa or greater, about 960 MPa or greater, about 980 MPa orgreater, about 1000 MPa or greater, about 1020 MPa or greater, about1040 MPa or greater, about 1050 MPa or greater, about 1060 MPa orgreater, about 1080 MPa or greater, about 1100 MPa or greater, about1120 MPa or greater, about 1140 MPa or greater, about 1150 MPa orgreater, about 1160 MPa or greater, about 1180 MPa or greater, about1200 MPa or greater, about 1220 MPa or greater, about 1240 MPa orgreater, about 1250 MPa or greater, about 1260 MPa or greater, about1280 MPa or greater, or about 1300 MPa or greater. In one or moreembodiments, the CSmax is in a range from about 900 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 920 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 940 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 960 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 980 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1000MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1020 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1040 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1060 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1080 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1120 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1140 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1150 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 1160 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1180 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1220MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1240 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1260 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1280 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1300 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1480 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1460MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1450 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about1440 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1420 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1400 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1380 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1360 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1350 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1340 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1320 MPa, from about900 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1280 MPa, fromabout 900 MPa to about 1260 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1250 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1240 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1220MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1210 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about1200 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1180 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1160 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1140 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1120 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1100 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1080 MPa, from about900 MPa to about 1060 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or fromabout 950 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or from about 1000 MPa to about 1050MPa. CSmax may be measured at a major surface or may be found at a depthfrom the major surface within the CS region.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a stress profile witha CS magnitude of 700 MPa or greater, or about 750 MPa or greater at adepth within the glass article of about 5 micrometers from the firstmajor surface 102 (CS₅). In one or more embodiments, the CS₅ is about760 MPa or greater, about 770 MPa or greater, about 775 MPa or greater,about 780 MPa or greater, about 790 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa orgreater, about 810 MPa or greater, about 820 MPa or greater, about 825MPa or greater, or about 830 MPa or greater. In one or more embodiments,the CS₅ is in a range from about 700 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about725 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 900 MPa, fromabout 775 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 900 MPa,from about 825 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 850 MPa to about 900MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 875 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about850 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 825 MPa, from about 700 MPa toabout 800 MPa, from about 700 MPa to about 775 MPa, from about 750 toabout 800 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 850 MPa, or from about 700MPa to about 750 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a stress profile witha CS magnitude of 800 MPa or greater at a depth within the glass articleof about 10 micrometers from the first major surface 102 (CS₁₀). In oneor more embodiments, the CS₁₀ is about 810 MPa or greater, about 820 MPaor greater, about 830 MPa or greater, about 840 MPa or greater, about850 MPa or greater, about 860 MPa or greater, about 870 MPa or greater,about 880 MPa or greater, about 890 MPa or greater, or about 900 MPa orgreater. In one or more embodiments, the CS₁₀ is in a range from about800 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 825 MPa to about 1000 MPa, fromabout 850 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 875 MPa to about 1000 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 925 MPa to about 1000MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about975 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 950 MPa, from about 800 MPa toabout 925 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 900 MPa, from about 800 MPato about 875 MPa, or from about 800 MPa to about 850 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a stress profile witha CT_(max) that is present or located at a depth within the glassarticle from the first major surface in a range from about 0.25 t toabout 0.75 t. In one or more embodiments, CT_(max) is present or locatedat a depth in a range from about 0.25 t to about 0.74 t, from about 0.25t to about 0.72 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.70 t, from about 0.25 tto about 0.68 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.66 t, from about 0.25 t toabout 0.65 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.62 t, from about 0.25 t toabout 0.60 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.58 t, from about 0.25 t toabout 0.56 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.55 t, from about 0.25 t toabout 0.54 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.52 t, from about 0.25 t toabout 0.50 t, from about 0.26 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.28 t toabout 0.75 t, from about 0.30 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.32 t toabout 0.75 t, from about 0.34 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.35 t toabout 0.75 t, from about 0.36 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.38 t toabout 0.75 t, from about 0.40 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.42 t toabout 0.75 t, from about 0.44 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.45 t toabout 0.75 t, from about 0.46 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.48 t toabout 0.50 t, from about 0.30 t to about 0.70 t, from about 0.35 t toabout 0.65 t, from about 0.4t to about 0.6 t, or from about 0.45 t toabout 0.55 t. In one or more embodiments, the foregoing ranges for thelocation of CTmax is present when the glass article is in asubstantially flat configuration (e.g., the glass article has a radiusof curvature of greater than about 5000 mm, or greater than about 10,000mm).

In one or more embodiments, the CT_(max) magnitude is about 80 MPa orless, about 78 MPa or less, about 76 MPa or less, about 75 MPa or less,about 74 MPa or less, about 72 MPa or less, about 70 MPa or less, about68 MPa or less, about 66 MPa or less, about 65 MPa or less, about 64 MPaor less, about 62 MPa or less, about 60 MPa or less, about 58 MPa orless, about 56 MPa or less, about 55 MPa or less, about 54 MPa or less,about 52 MPa or less, or about 50 MPa or less. In one or moreembodiments, the CT_(max) magnitude is in a range from about 40 MPa toabout 80 MPa, from about 45 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 50 MPa toabout 80 MPa, from about 55 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 60 MPa toabout 80 MPa, from about 65 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 70 MPa toabout 80 MPa, from about 40 MPa to about 75 MPa, from about 40 MPa toabout 70 MPa, from about 40 MPa to about 65 MPa, from about 40 MPa toabout 60 MPa, from about 40 MPa to about 55 MPa, or from about 40 MPa toabout 50 MPa. In one or more embodiments, the foregoing ranges themagnitude of CTmax is present when the glass article is in asubstantially flat configuration (e.g., the glass article has a radiusof curvature of greater than about 5000 mm, or greater than about 10,000mm).

In one or more embodiments, a portion of the stress profile has aparabolic-like shape. In some embodiments, the stress profile is free ofa flat stress (i.e., compressive or tensile) portion or a portion thatexhibits a substantially constant stress (i.e., compressive or tensile).In some embodiments, the CT region exhibits a stress profile that issubstantially free of a flat stress or free of a substantially constantstress. In one or more embodiments, the stress profile is substantiallyfree of any linear segments that extend in a depth direction or along atleast a portion of the thickness t of the glass article. In other words,the stress profile is substantially continuously increasing ordecreasing along the thickness t. In some embodiments, the stressprofile is substantially free of any linear segments in a depthdirection having a length of about 10 micrometers or more, about 50micrometers or more, or about 100 micrometers or more, or about 200micrometers or more. As used herein, the term “linear” refers to a slopehaving a magnitude of less than about 5 MPa/micrometer, or less thanabout 2 MPa/micrometer along the linear segment. In some embodiments,one or more portions of the stress profile that are substantially freeof any linear segments in a depth direction are present at depths withinthe glass article of about 5 micrometers or greater (e.g., 10micrometers or greater, or 15 micrometers or greater) from either one orboth the first surface or the second surface. For example, along a depthof about 0 micrometers to less than about 5 micrometers from the firstsurface, the stress profile may include linear segments, but from adepth of about 5 micrometers or greater from the first surface, thestress profile may be substantially free of linear segments.

In one or more embodiments, all points of the CT region within 0.1 t,0.15 t, 0.2 t, or 0.25 t from the depth of CTmax comprise a tangenthaving a non-zero slope. In one or more embodiments, all such pointscomprise a tangent having a slope that is greater than about 0.5MPa/micrometer in magnitude, greater than about 0.75 MPa/micrometer inmagnitude, greater than about 1 MPa/micrometer in magnitude, greaterthan about 1.5 MPa/micrometer in magnitude, or greater about 2MPa/micrometer in magnitude than, or greater than about 0.5MPa/micrometer in magnitude.

In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress profile at a depthfrom about 0.12 t or greater (e.g., from about 0.12 t to about 0.24 t,from about 0.14 t to about 0.24 t, from about 0.15 t to about 0.24 t,from about 0.16 t to about 0.24 t, from about 0.18 t to about 0.24 t,from about 0.12 t to about 0.22 t, from about 0.12 t to about 0.2 t,from about 0.12 t to about 0.18 t, from about 0.12 t to about 0.16 t,from about 0.12 t to about 0.15 t, from about 0.12 t to about 0.14 t, orfrom about 0.15 t to about 0.2t) comprise a tangent having a non-zeroslope.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article may be described in termsof the shape of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CTregion (112 in FIG. 2). For example, in some embodiments, the stressprofile along a substantial portion or the entire CT region may beapproximated by equation. In some embodiments, the stress profile alongthe CT region may be approximated by equation (3):

Stress(x)=CTmax−(((CTmax·(n+1))/0.5^(n))·|(x/t)−0.5|²)  (3)

In equation (1), the stress (x) is the stress value at position x. Herethe stress is positive (tension). CTmax is the maximum central tensionas a positive value in MPa. The value x is position along the thickness(t) in micrometers, with a range from 0 to t; x=0 is one surface (102,in FIG. 2), x=0.5 t is the center of the glass article, stress(x)=CTmax,and x=t is the opposite surface (104, in FIG. 2). CTmax used in equation(1) may be in the range from about 40 MPa to about 80 MPa, and n is afitting parameter from 1.5 to 5 (e.g., 2 to 4, 2 to 3 or 1.8 to 2.2)whereby n=2 can provide a parabolic stress profile, exponents thatdeviate from n=2 provide stress profiles with near parabolic stressprofiles.

In one or more embodiments, the DOC of the glass article is about 0.2 tor less. For example, DOC may be about 0.18 t or less, about 0.18 t orless, about 0.16 t or less, about 0.15t or less, about 0.14 t or less,about 0.12 t or less, about 0.1 t or less, about 0.08 t or less, about0.06 t or less, about 0.05 t or less, about 0.04 t or less, or about0.03 t or less. In one or more embodiments, DOC is in a range from about0.02 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.04 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.05t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.06 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.08 t toabout 0.2 t, from about 0.1 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.12 t to about0.2 t, from about 0.14 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.15 t to about 0.2t, from about 0.16 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.18 t,from about 0.02 t to about 0.16 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.15 t,from about 0.02 t to about 0.14 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.12 t,from about 0.02 t to about 0.1 t, from about 0.02t to about 0.08, fromabout 0.02 t to about 0.06 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.05 t, fromabout 0.1 t to about 0.8 t, from about 0.12 t to about 0.16 t, or fromabout 0.14 t to about 0.17 t.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article has a DOL that is in arange from about 10 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 12micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 14 micrometers to about50 micrometers, from about 15 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 16 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 18 micrometersto about 50 micrometers, from about 20 micrometers to about 50micrometers, from about 22 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 24 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 25 micrometersto about 50 micrometers, from about 26 micrometers to about 50micrometers, from about 28 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 30 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 48 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 46micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 45 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 44 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 42 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 40micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 38 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 36 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 35 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 34micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 32 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 30 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 28 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 26micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 25 micrometers, fromabout 20 micrometers to about 40 micrometers, from about 25 micrometersto about 40 micrometers, from about 20 micrometers to about 35micrometers, or from about 25 micrometers to about 35 micrometers. Inone or more embodiments, at least a portion of the stress profilecomprises a spike region 120 extending from the first major surface, atail region 124 and a knee region 122 between the spike region and thetail region, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The spike region 120 is withinthe CS region of the stress profile. In one or more embodiments, whereinall points of the stress profile in the spike region comprise a tangenthaving a slope in magnitude that is in a range from about 15MPa/micrometer to about 200 MPa/micrometer, from about 20 MPa/micrometerto about 200 MPa/micrometer, from about 25 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 30 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 35 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 40 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 45 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 100 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 150 MPa/micrometer to about 200MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 190MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 180MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 170MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 160MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 150MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 140MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 130MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 120MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 100MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 750MPa/micrometer, from about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 50 MPa/micrometer,from about 50 MPa/micrometer to about 150 MPa/micrometer, or from about75 MPa/micrometer to about 125 MPa/micrometer.

In one or more embodiments, and all points in the tail region comprise atangent having a slope in magnitude that is in a range from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.05 MPa/micrometerto about 3 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.1 MPa/micrometer to about 3MPa/micrometer, from about 0.25 MPa/micrometer to about 3MPa/micrometer, from about 0.5 MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer,from about 0.75 MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer, from about 1MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer, from about 1.25 MPa/micrometerto about 3 MPa/micrometer, from about 1.5 MPa/micrometer to about 3MPa/micrometer, from about 1.75 MPa/micrometer to about 3MPa/micrometer, from about 2 MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer,from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 2.9 MPa/micrometer, from about0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 2.8 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.75 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.7 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.6 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.5 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.4 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.2 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2.1 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01MPa/micrometer to about 2 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometerto about 1.75 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about1.5 MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 1.25MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 1MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 0.75MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 0.5MPa/micrometer, from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 0.25MPa/micrometer, from about 0.1 MPa/micrometer to about 2 MPa/micrometer,from about 0.5 MPa/micrometer to about 2 MPa/micrometer, or from about 1MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer.

In one or more embodiments, the CS magnitude within the spike region isin a range from about greater than 200 MPa to about 1500 MPa. Forexample, the CS magnitude in the spike region may be in a range fromabout 250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 300 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 350 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 400 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 450 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 500 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 550 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 600 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 750 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 800 MPato about 1500 MPa, from about 850 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1000 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 250 MPa to about 1450 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1400MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1350 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about1300 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1250 MPa, from about 250 MPa toabout 1200 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about 250 MPato about 1100 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 1050 MPa, from about 250MPa to about 1000 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 950 MPa, from about250 MPa to about 90 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 850 MPa, from about250 MPa to about 800 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 750 MPa, fromabout 250 MPa to about 700 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 650 MPa,from about 250 MPa to about 600 MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 550MPa, from about 250 MPa to about 500 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about1400 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1200 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1100 MPa, or from about 900MPa to about 1050 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, the CS magnitude in the knee region is in arange from about 5 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 10 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 15 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 20 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 25 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 35 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 40 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 45 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 50 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 55 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 65 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 75 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 80 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 90 MPa to about 200MPa, from about 100 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 125 MPa to about200 MPa, from about 150 MPa to about 200 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about190 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 180 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about175 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 170 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about160 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 150 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about140 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 130 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about125 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 120 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about110 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 100 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 75MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 50 MPa, from about 5 MPa to about 25 MPa,or from about 10 MPa to about 100 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, the knee region of the stress profileextends from about 10 micrometers to about 50 micrometers from the firstmajor surface. For example, the knee region of the stress profileextends from about 12 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 14micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 15 micrometers to about50 micrometers, from about 16 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 18 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 20 micrometersto about 50 micrometers, from about 22 micrometers to about 50micrometers, from about 24 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 25 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 26 micrometersto about 50 micrometers, from about 28 micrometers to about 50micrometers, from about 30 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 32 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 34 micrometersto about 50 micrometers, from about 35 micrometers to about 50micrometers, from about 36 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, fromabout 38 micrometers to about 50 micrometers, from about 40 micrometersto about 50 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 48micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 46 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 45 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 44 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 42micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 40 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 38 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 36 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 35micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 34 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 32 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 30 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 28micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 26 micrometers, fromabout 10 micrometers to about 25 micrometers, from about 10 micrometersto about 24 micrometers, from about 10 micrometers to about 22micrometers, or from about 10 micrometers to about 20 micrometers, fromthe first major surface.

In one or more embodiments, the tail region extends from about the kneeregion to the depth of CT_(max). In one or more embodiments, the tailregion comprises one or both of a compressive stress tail region, and atensile stress tail region.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article comprises one or more of aframe, a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second majorsurface. In one or more embodiments, the display may be a liquid crystaldisplay, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a transmissivedisplay or other display. In one or embodiments, the glass articleincludes an adhesive or adhesive layer disposed between the first orsecond major surface and the frame, display or touch panel.

In one or more embodiments, the display module includes touchfunctionality and such functionality is accessible through the glassarticle 100. In one or more embodiments, displayed images or contentshown by the display module is visible through the glass article.

In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the glass article is in arange from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm. For example, the thickness maybe in a range from about 0.06 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.08 mm toabout 2 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.12 mm to about2 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.14 mm to about 2mm, from about 0.15 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.16 mm to about 2 mm,from about 0.18 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.2 mm to about 2 mm, fromabout 0.25 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm, from about0.4 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.55mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.6 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.05 mm toabout 2 mm, from about 0.6 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.7 mm to about2 mm, from about 0.8 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.9 mm to about 2 mm,from about 1 mm to about 2 mm, from about 1.1 mm to about 2 mm, fromabout 1.2 mm to about 2 mm, from about 1.5 mm to about 2 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 1.8 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1.6 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1.4 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 1.2 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1.1 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.9 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 0.8 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.7 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 0.6 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.55 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.4 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm, or from about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a width (W) in arange from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about 250 cm,from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cmto about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm toabout 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm,from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about5 cm to about 75 cm.

In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate has a length (L) in arange from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about 250 cm,from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cmto about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm toabout 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm,from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about5 cm to about 75 cm.

The glass article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein either oneof or both the first major surface 102 and the second major surface 104comprises a surface treatment. The surface treatment may cover at leasta portion of the first major surface 102 and/or the second major surface104. Exemplary surface treatments include an easy-to-clean surface, ananti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a haptic surface, and adecorative surface. In one or more embodiments, the at least a portionof the first major surface and 102 /or the second major surface 104 mayinclude any one, any two or all three of an anti-glare surface, ananti-reflective surface, a haptic surface, and a decorative surface. Forexample, first major surface 102 may include an anti-glare surface andthe second major surface 104 may include an anti-reflective surface. Inanother example, the first major surface 102 includes an anti-reflectivesurface and the second major surface 104 includes an anti-glare surface.In yet another example, the first major surface 102 comprises either oneof or both the anti-glare surface and the anti-reflective surface, andthe second major surface 104 includes the decorative surface.

The anti-reflective surface may be formed using an etching process andmay exhibit a transmission haze 20% or less (e.g., about 15% or less, orabout 10% or less), and a distinctiveness of image (DOI) of about 80 orless. As used herein, the terms “transmission haze” and “haze” refer tothe percentage of transmitted light scattered outside an angular cone ofabout ±2.5° in accordance with ASTM procedure D1003. For an opticallysmooth surface, transmission haze is generally near zero. As usedherein, the term “distinctness of image” is defined by method A of ASTMprocedure D5767 (ASTM 5767), entitled “Standard Test Methods forInstrumental Measurements of Distinctness-of-Image Gloss of CoatingSurfaces,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety. In accordance with method A of ASTM 5767, substratereflectance factor measurements are made on the anti-glare surface atthe specular viewing angle and at an angle slightly off the specularviewing angle. The values obtained from these measurements are combinedto provide a DOI value. In particular, DOI is calculated according tothe equation

$\begin{matrix}{{{D\; O\; I} = {\left\lbrack {1 - \frac{Ros}{Rs}} \right\rbrack \times 100}},} & (1)\end{matrix}$

where Ros is the relative reflection intensity average between 0.2° and0.4 away from the specular reflection direction, and Rs is the relativereflection intensity average in the specular direction (between +0.05°and −0.05°, centered around the specular reflection direction). If theinput light source angle is +20° from the sample surface normal (as itis throughout this disclosure), and the surface normal to the sample istaken as 0°, then the measurement of specular reflected light Rs istaken as an average in the range of about −19.95° to −20.05°, and Ros istaken as the average reflected intensity in the range of about −20.2° to−20.4° (or from −19.6° to −19.8°, or an average of both of these tworanges). As used herein, DOI values should be directly interpreted asspecifying a target ratio of Ros/Rs as defined herein. In someembodiments, the anti-glare surface has a reflected scattering profilesuch that >95% of the reflected optical power is contained within a coneof +/−10°, where the cone is centered around the specular reflectiondirection for any input angle.

The resulting the anti-glare surface may include a textured surface withplurality of concave features having an opening facing outwardly fromthe surface. The opening may have an average cross-sectional dimensionof about 30 micrometers or less. In one or more embodiments, theanti-glare surface exhibits low sparkle (in terms of low pixel powerdeviation reference or PPDr) such as PPDr of about 6% or less, as usedherein, the terms “pixel power deviation referenced” and “PPDr” refer tothe quantitative measurement for display sparkle. Unless otherwisespecified, PPDr is measured using a display arrangement that includes anedge-lit liquid crystal display screen (twisted nematic liquid crystaldisplay) having a native sub-pixel pitch of 60 μm×180 μm and a sub-pixelopening window size of about 44 μm×about 142 μm. The front surface ofthe liquid crystal display screen had a glossy, anti-reflection typelinear polarizer film. To determine PPDr of a display system or ananti-glare surface that forms a portion of a display system, a screen isplaced in the focal region of an “eye-simulator” camera, whichapproximates the parameters of the eye of a human observer. As such, thecamera system includes an aperture (or “pupil aperture”) that isinserted into the optical path to adjust the collection angle of light,and thus approximate the aperture of the pupil of the human eye. In thePPDr measurements described herein, the iris diaphragm subtends an angleof 18 milliradians.

The anti-reflective surface may be formed by a multi-layer coating stackformed from alternating layers of a high refractive index material and alow refractive index material. Such coatings stacks may include 6 layersor more. In one or more embodiment, the anti-reflective surface mayexhibit a single-side average light reflectance of about 2% or less(e.g., about 1.5% or less, about 1% or less, about 0.75% or less, about0.5% or less, or about 0.25% or less) over the optical wavelength regimein the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm. The average reflectanceis measured at an incident illumination angle greater than about 0degrees to less than about 10 degrees.

The decorative surface may include any aesthetic design formed from apigment (e.g., ink, paint and the like) and can include a wood-graindesign, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a portrait, or a logo.In one or more embodiments, the decorative surface exhibits a deadfronteffect in which the decorative surface disguises or masks the underlyingdisplay from a viewer when the display is turned off but permits thedisplay to be viewed when the display is turned on. The decorativesurface may be printed onto the glass article. In one or moreembodiments, the anti-glare surface includes an etched surface. In oneor more embodiments, the anti-reflective surface includes a multi-layercoating. In one or more embodiments, the easy-to-clean surface includesan oleophobic coating that imparts anti-fingerprint properties. In oneor more embodiments, the haptic surface includes a raised or recessedsurface formed from depositing a polymer or glass material on thesurface to provide a user with tactile feedback when touched.

In one or more embodiments, one or both of the first major surface andthe second major surface comprise a periphery surrounding an interiorportion. In one or more embodiments, the periphery comprises a surfacetreatment, while the interior portion is substantially free of anysurface treatment or comprises a different surface treatment than theperiphery. In one or more embodiments, a decorative surface is disposedon at least a portion of the periphery and the interior portion issubstantially free of the decorative surface. Decorative surfaces mayinclude any one of a black boarder, wood-grain design, a brushed metaldesign, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article is substantially free ofan anti-splinter layer (which may be a film or coating). In suchembodiments, one of the first or second major surface is substantiallyfree of any anti-splinter layers.

In one or more embodiments, when the glass article is curved from asubstantially flat configuration to a curved configuration such that thefirst major surface comprises a concave shape having a radius ofcurvature of about 250 mm, the CS_(max) increases by more than about 8%,more than about 10%, more than about 12%, more than about 14%, more thanabout 15%, more than about 16%, more than about 18% or more than about20%.

In more than one embodiments, when the glass article is curved from asubstantially flat configuration to a curved configuration such that thefirst major surface comprises a concave shape having a radius ofcurvature of about 500 mm, the DOC increases by about 200% or more, orabout 300% or more, and a second depth of compression (DOC₂) measuredfrom the second major surface decreases by less than 15%. In one or moreembodiments, DOC increases by about 210% or more, about 220% or more,about 230% or more, 240% or more, 250% or more, 260% or more, 270% ormore, 280% or more, 290% or more, about 300% or more, about 310% ormore, about 320% or more, about 325% or more, about 330% or more, about340% or more, about 350% or more, about 360% or more, about 370% ormore, about 380% or more, about 310% or more, about 390% or more, orabout 400%. For example, DOC, increases by an amount in a range fromabout 200% to about 500%, from about 225% to about 500%, from about 250%to about 500%, from about 275% to about 500%, from about 300% to about500%, from about 325% to about 500%, from about 350% to about 500%, fromabout 375% to about 500%, from about 400% to about 500%, from about 425%to about 500%, from about 450% to about 500%, from about 200% to about475%, from about 200% to about 450%, from about 200% to about 425%, fromabout 200% to about 400%, from about 200% to about 375%, from about 200%to about 350%, from about 200% to about 325%, from about 200% to about300%, from about 200% to about 275%, from about 200% to about 250%, orfrom about 200% to about 225%. In one or more such embodiments, when theglass article is curved to from a substantially flat configuration to acurved configuration such that the first major surface comprises aconcave shape having a radius of curvature of about 500 mm, the CTmaxincreases by 250% or less (e.g., 225% or less, 200% or less, 175% orless, 150% or less, 125% or less, 100% or less, 75% or less, 50% orless, or 25% or less).

In one or more embodiments, when the glass article is curved to from asubstantially flat configuration to a curved configuration such that thefirst major surface comprises a concave shape having a radius ofcurvature of about 250 mm, the DOC increases by more than about 600%,and a second depth of compression (DOC₂) measured from the second majorsurface decreases by about less than 25%. For example, DOC may increaseby about 625% or more, about 650% or more or about 700% or more. DOC2may decrease by about 20% or less, about 15% or less, or about 10% orless. In one or more such embodiments, when the glass article is curvedto from a substantially flat configuration to a curved configurationsuch that the first major surface comprises a concave shape having aradius of curvature of about 250 mm, the CTmax increases by 400% or less(e.g., 375% or less, 350% or less, 325% or less, 300% or less, 275% orless, 250% or less, 225% or less, 200% or less, 175% or less, 150% orless, 125% or less, 100% or less, 75% or less, 50% or less, or 25% orless).

A second aspect of this disclosure pertains to a curved glass article200 as shown in FIG. 4. In one or more embodiments, the curved glassarticle comprises a first major concave surface 210, a second majorconvex surface 220 opposing the first major concave surface, a minorsurface 230 connecting the first major concave surface and the secondmajor convex surface defining a thickness (t) (millimeters). In one ormore embodiments, the curved glass article comprises a first CS regionextending from the first major concave surface to a first depth ofcompressive stress (DOC₁). The first CS region has first maximum CSvalue (CS_(max1)). In one or more embodiments, the second major convexsurface comprises a second CS region extending from the second majorconvex surface to a second depth of compressive stress (DOC₂), thesecond CS region having a second maximum CS value (CSmax2). The curvedglass article includes a central tension (CT) region disposed betweenthe first CS region and the second CS region having a maximum CT value(CT_(curved-max)). The CS region and the CT region define a stressprofile along the thickness.

In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the curved glass article isin a range from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm. For example, the thicknessmay be in a range from about 0.06 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.08 mmto about 2 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.12 mm toabout 2 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.14 mm toabout 2 mm, from about 0.15 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.16 mm toabout 2 mm, from about 0.18 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.2 mm to about2 mm, from about 0.25 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.3 mm to about 2 mm,from about 0.4 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, fromabout 0.55 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.6 mm to about 2 mm, from about0.05 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.6 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.7mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.8 mm to about 2 mm, from about 0.9 mm toabout 2 mm, from about 1 mm to about 2 mm, from about 1.1 mm to about 2mm, from about 1.2 mm to about 2 mm, from about 1.5 mm to about 2 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 1.8 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1.6 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1.4 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 1.2 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 1.1 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.9 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 0.8 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.7 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 0.6 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.55 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm, from about 0.05 mm to about 0.4 mm,from about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm, or from about 0.7 mm to about 1.5mm.

In one or more embodiments, the curved glass substrate has a width (W)in a range from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm,from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cmto about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm toabout 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm,from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about5 cm to about 75 cm.

In one or more embodiments, the curved glass substrate has a length (L)in a range from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm,from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, fromabout 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cmto about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm toabout 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm,from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, fromabout 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about5 cm to about 75 cm.

In one or more embodiments, the first major concave surface 210 has amaximum radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater, about 50 mm orgreater, or about 100 mm or greater (e.g., about 125 mm or greater, 150mm or greater, 175 mm or greater, 200 mm or greater, 250 mm or greater,300 mm or greater, 350 mm or greater, 400 mm or greater, 500 mm orgreater, 600 mm or greater, 750 mm or greater, 1000 mm or greater, 1250mm or greater, 1500 mm or greater, 1750 mm or greater, 2000 mm orgreater, 2250 mm or greater 2500 mm or greater).

In one or more embodiments, CSmax₂ is less than CSmax₁. In one or moreembodiments, CS_(max1) is greater than about 800 MPa. In one or moreembodiments, CSmax1 is about 800 MPa or greater, about 820 MPa orgreater, about 840 MPa or greater, about 850 MPa or greater, about 860MPa or greater, about 880 MPa or greater, 900 MPa or greater, about 920MPa or greater, about 940 MPa or greater, about 950 MPa or greater,about 960 MPa or greater, about 980 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa orgreater, about 1020 MPa or greater, about 1040 MPa or greater, about1050 MPa or greater, about 1060 MPa or greater, about 1080 MPa orgreater, about 1100 MPa or greater, about 1120 MPa or greater, about1140 MPa or greater, about 1150 MPa or greater, about 1160 MPa orgreater, about 1180 MPa or greater, about 1200 MPa or greater, about1220 MPa or greater, about 1240 MPa or greater, about 1250 MPa orgreater, about 1260 MPa or greater, about 1280 MPa or greater, or about1300 MPa or greater. In one or more embodiments, the CSmax1 is in arange from about 800 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 820 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 840 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 850 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 860 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 880 MPato about 1500 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 920MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 940 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 960 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 980 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1000 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1020 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1040 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1060 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 1080 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1100 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 1120 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1140MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1150 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1160 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1180 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1220 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1240 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1250 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1260 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1280 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 1300 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 800 MPa toabout 1480 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1460 MPa, from about 800 MPato about 1450 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1440 MPa, from about 800MPa to about 1420 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1400 MPa, from about800 MPa to about 1380 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1360 MPa, fromabout 800 MPa to about 1350 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1340 MPa,from about 800 MPa to about 1320 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1300MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1280 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about1260 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1250 MPa, from about 800 MPa toabout 1240 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1220 MPa, from about 800 MPato about 1210 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1200 MPa, from about 800MPa to about 1180 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1160 MPa, from about800 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1140 MPa, fromabout 800 MPa to about 1120 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1100 MPa,from about 800 MPa to about 1080 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1060MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or from about 950 MPa toabout 1050 MPa, or from about 1000 MPa to about 1050 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, CSmax2 is about 600 MPa or greater, 620 MPaor greater, 640 MPa or greater, 650 MPa or greater, 660 MPa or greater,680 MPa or greater, 700 MPa or greater, 720 MPa or greater, 740 MPa orgreater, 750 MPa or greater, 760 MPa or greater, 780 MPa or greater, 800MPa or greater, about 820 MPa or greater, about 840 MPa or greater,about 850 MPa or greater, about 860 MPa or greater, about 880 MPa orgreater, 900 MPa or greater, about 920 MPa or greater, about 940 MPa orgreater, about 950 MPa or greater, about 960 MPa or greater, about 980MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, about 1020 MPa or greater,about 1040 MPa or greater, about 1050 MPa or greater, about 1060 MPa orgreater, about 1080 MPa or greater, about 1100 MPa or greater, about1120 MPa or greater, about 1140 MPa or greater, about 1150 MPa orgreater, about 1160 MPa or greater, about 1180 MPa or greater, about1200 MPa or greater, about 1220 MPa or greater, about 1240 MPa orgreater, about 1250 MPa or greater, about 1260 MPa or greater, about1280 MPa or greater, or about 1300 MPa or greater. In one or moreembodiments, the CSmax1 is in a range from about 800 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 820 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 840 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 850 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 860 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 880 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1500 MPa, from about 920 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 940MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about960 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 980 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1000 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1020 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1040 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1060 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1080 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1120 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 1140 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1150MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1160 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1180 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1220 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1240 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1260 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1280 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1300 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1480 MPa, from about 800 MPa toabout 1460 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1450 MPa, from about 800 MPato about 1440 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1420 MPa, from about 800MPa to about 1400 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1380 MPa, from about800 MPa to about 1360 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1350 MPa, fromabout 800 MPa to about 1340 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1320 MPa,from about 800 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1280MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1260 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about1250 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1240 MPa, from about 800 MPa toabout 1220 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1210 MPa, from about 800 MPato about 1200 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1180 MPa, from about 800MPa to about 1160 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about800 MPa to about 1140 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1120 MPa, fromabout 800 MPa to about 1100 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1080 MPa,from about 800 MPa to about 1060 MPa, from about 800 MPa to about 1050MPa, or from about 950 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or from about 1000 MPa toabout 1050 MPa.

In one or more embodiments of the curved glass article, DOC₁ differsfrom DOC₂. In one or more embodiments, DOC₁ is greater than DOC₂. In oneor more embodiments, one of both of the value of DOC₁ and DOC₂ of thecurved glass article are about 0.2 t or less. For example, DOC₁ and/orDOC₂ may be about 0.18 t or less, about 0.18 t or less, about 0.16 t orless, about 0.15 t or less, about 0.14 t or less, about 0.12 t or less,about 0.1 t or less, about 0.08t or less, about 0.06 t or less, about0.05 t or less, about 0.04 t or less, or about 0.03 t or less. In one ormore embodiments, DOC₁ and/or DOC₂ is in a range from about 0.02 t toabout 0.2 t, from about 0.04 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.05 t toabout 0.2 t, from about 0.06 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.08 t toabout 0.2 t, from about 0.1 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.12 t to about0.2 t, from about 0.14 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.15 t to about 0.2t, from about 0.16 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.18 t,from about 0.02 t to about 0.16 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.15 t,from about 0.02 t to about 0.14 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.12 t,from about 0.02 t to about 0.1 t, from about 0.02 t to about 0.08, fromabout 0.02 t to about 0.06 t, from about 0.02t to about 0.05 t, fromabout 0.1 t to about 0.8 t, from about 0.12 t to about 0.16 t, or fromabout 0.14 t to about 0.17 t.

In one or more embodiments, when the curved glass article is in anuncurved configuration, the glass article comprises a maximum CT value(CT_(uncurved-max)) that is disposed at a depth from the first majorsurface in a range from about 0.25 t to about 0.75 t. In one or moresuch embodiments, CT_(uncurved-max) is disposed at a depth in a rangefrom about 0.25 t to about 0.74 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.72 t,from about 0.25 t to about 0.70 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.68 t,from about 0.25 t to about 0.66 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.65 t,from about 0.25 t to about 0.62 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.60 t,from about 0.25 t to about 0.58 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.56 t,from about 0.25 t to about 0.55 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.54 t,from about 0.25 t to about 0.52 t, from about 0.25 t to about 0.50 t,from about 0.26 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.28 t to about 0.75 t,from about 0.30 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.32 t to about 0.75 t,from about 0.34 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.35 t to about 0.75 t,from about 0.36 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.38 t to about 0.75 t,from about 0.40 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.42 t to about 0.75 t,from about 0.44 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.45 t to about 0.75 t,from about 0.46 t to about 0.75 t, from about 0.48 t to about 0.50 t,from about 0.30 t to about 0.70 t, from about 0.35 t to about 0.65 t,from about 0.4 t to about 0.6 t, or from about 0.45 t to about 0.55 t.In one or more embodiments, the foregoing ranges for the location ofCT_(uncurved-max) is present when the uncurved glass article has aradius of curvature of greater than about 5000 mm, or greater than about10,000 mm.

In one or more embodiments, CT_(uncurved-max) has a magnitude of lessthan about 400 MPa (e.g., about 390 MPa or less, 380 MPa or less, 375MPa or less, 370 MPa or less, 360 MPa or less, 350 MPa or less, 340 MPaor less, 330 MPa or less, 325 MPa or less, 320 MPa or less, 310 MPa orless, 300 MPa or less, 275 MPa or less, 250 MPa or less, 225 MPa orless, 200 MPa or less, 175 MPa or less, 150 MPa or less, 125 MPa orless, 100 MPa or less, 90 MPa or less, 80 MPa or less, 75 MPa or less,70 MPa or less, 65 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 55 MPa or less or about50 MPa or less). The foregoing CT_(uncurved-max) ( magnitude values arepresent when the CS_(max1) is greater than about 800 MPa. In one or moreembodiments, the glass article exhibits the relationship ofCT_(curved-max)/CT_(uncurved-max)≥1.4 (e.g., 1.5 or greater, 1.6 orgreater, 1.7 or greater, 1.8 or greater, 1.9 or greater or about 2 orgreater).

In one or more embodiments, CT_(curved-max) has a magnitude of less thanabout 400 MPa (e.g., about 390 MPa or less, 380 MPa or less, 375 MPa orless, 370 MPa or less, 360 MPa or less, 350 MPa or less, 340 MPa orless, 330 MPa or less, 325 MPa or less, 320 MPa or less, 310 MPa orless, 300 MPa or less, 275 MPa or less, 250 MPa or less, 225 MPa orless, 200 MPa or less, 175 MPa or less, 150 MPa or less, 125 MPa orless, 100 MPa or less, 90 MPa or less, 80 MPa or less, 75 MPa or less,70 MPa or less, 65 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 55 MPa or less or about50 MPa or less. In one or more embodiments, CT_(curved-max) is in arange from about 30 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 35 MPa to about 80MPa, from about 40 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 45 MPa to about 80MPa, from about 50 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 55 MPa to about 80MPa, from about 60 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 65 MPa to about 80MPa, from about 70 MPa to about 80 MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 75MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 70 MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 65MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 60 MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 55MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 50 MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 45MPa, from about 30 MPa to about 40 MPa, from about 40 MPa to about 70MPa, from about 50 MPa to about 70 MPa, or from about 60 MPa to about 80MPa. Such ranges for CTcurved-max are present when the curved glassarticle has a radius of curvature in a range from about 250 mm to about2500 mm, from about 300 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 350 mm to about2500 mm, from about 400 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 450 mm to about2500 mm, from about 500 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 550 mm to about2500 mm, from about 600 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 650 mm to about2500 mm, from about 700 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 750 mm to about2500 mm, from about 800 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 900 mm to about2500 mm, from about 1000 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 250 mm to about2000 mm, from about 250 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 250 mm to about1000 mm, from about 500 mm to about 1000 mm, from about 600 mm to about1000 mm, from about 700 mm to about 1000 mm, and all ranges andsub-ranges of the foregoing.

In one or more embodiments, CT_(curved-max) is disposed at a depth ofabout 0.12 t or less from the second convex major surface. For example,the depth of CT_(curved-max) may be about 0.11 t or less, 0.1 t or less,0.09 t or less, 0.08 t or less, 0.075 t or less, 0.07 t or less, 0.06tor less, 0.05 t or less, 0.04 t or less, 0.03 t or less or about 0.025 tor less.

In one or more embodiments, CSmax1 of the curved glass article is about900 MPa or greater, about 920 MPa or greater, about 940 MPa or greater,about 950 MPa or greater, about 960 MPa or greater, about 980 MPa orgreater, about 1000 MPa or greater, about 1020 MPa or greater, about1040 MPa or greater, about 1050 MPa or greater, about 1060 MPa orgreater, about 1080 MPa or greater, about 1100 MPa or greater, about1120 MPa or greater, about 1140 MPa or greater, about 1150 MPa orgreater, about 1160 MPa or greater, about 1180 MPa or greater, about1200 MPa or greater, about 1220 MPa or greater, about 1240 MPa orgreater, about 1250 MPa or greater, about 1260 MPa or greater, about1280 MPa or greater, or about 1300 MPa or greater. In one or moreembodiments, the CSmax is in a range from about 900 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 920 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 940 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 960 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 980 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1000MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1020 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1040 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1060 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1080 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1120 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1140 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1150 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 1160 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1180 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1220MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1240 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1260 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1280 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1300 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1480 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1460MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1450 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about1440 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1420 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1400 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1380 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1360 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1350 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1340 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1320 MPa, from about900 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1280 MPa, fromabout 900 MPa to about 1260 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1250 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1240 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1220MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1210 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about1200 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1180 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1160 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1140 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1120 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1100 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1080 MPa, from about900 MPa to about 1060 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or fromabout 950 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or from about 1000 MPa to about 1050MPa. CSmax1 may be measured at a major surface or may be found at adepth from the major surface within the CS region.

In one or more embodiments, CSmax2 of the curved glass article has avalue that is less than the value of CSmax1. In one or more embodiments,CSmax2 of the curved glass article is about 700 MPa or greater, about750 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 850 MPa or greater,about 900 MPa or greater, about 920 MPa or greater, about 940 MPa orgreater, about 950 MPa or greater, about 960 MPa or greater, about 980MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, about 1020 MPa or greater,about 1040 MPa or greater, about 1050 MPa or greater, about 1060 MPa orgreater, about 1080 MPa or greater, about 1100 MPa or greater, about1120 MPa or greater, about 1140 MPa or greater, about 1150 MPa orgreater, about 1160 MPa or greater, about 1180 MPa or greater, about1200 MPa or greater, about 1220 MPa or greater, about 1240 MPa orgreater, about 1250 MPa or greater, about 1260 MPa or greater, about1280 MPa or greater, or about 1300 MPa or greater. In one or moreembodiments, the CSmax is in a range from about 900 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 920 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 940 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 950 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 960 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 980 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1000MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1020 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1040 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1050 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1060 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1080 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 1100 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1120 MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1140 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1150 MPa to about1500 MPa, from about 1160 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1180 MPa toabout 1500 MPa, from about 1200 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1220MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1240 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about1250 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1260 MPa to about 1500 MPa, fromabout 1280 MPa to about 1500 MPa, from about 1300 MPa to about 1500 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1480 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1460MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1450 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about1440 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1420 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1400 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1380 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1360 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1350 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1340 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1320 MPa, from about900 MPa to about 1300 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1280 MPa, fromabout 900 MPa to about 1260 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1250 MPa,from about 900 MPa to about 1240 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1220MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1210 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about1200 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1180 MPa, from about 900 MPa toabout 1160 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1150 MPa, from about 900 MPato about 1140 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1120 MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1100 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1080 MPa, from about900 MPa to about 1060 MPa, from about 900 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or fromabout 950 MPa to about 1050 MPa, or from about 1000 MPa to about 1050MPa. CSmax2 may be measured at a major surface or may be found at adepth from the major surface within the CS region.

In one or more embodiments, one or both of CSmax₁ and CSmax₂ comprise amagnitude of 700 MPa or greater or about 800 MPa or greater at a depthof about 10 micrometers. At such a depth, one or both of CSmax₁ andCSmax₂ comprise a magnitude of 850 MPa or greater, 900 MPa or greater,950 MPa or greater, 1000 MPa or greater, 1050 MPa or greater, 1100 MPaor greater, 1150 MPa or greater, or about 1200 MPa or greater.

In one or more embodiments, CT_(curved-max) is disposed at a depth ofabout 0.12 t or less from the second convex major surface. For example,the depth of CT_(curved-max) may be about 0.11 t or less, 0.1 t or less,0.09 t or less, 0.08 t or less, 0.075 t or less, 0.07 t or less, 0.06tor less, 0.05 t or less, 0.04 t or less, 0.03 t or less or about 0.025 tor less.

In one or more embodiments, the curved glass article comprises a conicalsurface, a cylindrical surface or a developable surface.

In one or more embodiments, either one of or both the first majorsurface and the second major surface comprises a surface treatment, asdescribed with respect to the first aspect of this disclosure. In one ormore embodiments, the surface treatment covers at least a portion of thefirst major surface and the second major surface.

In one or more embodiments, the curved glass article is substantiallyfree of an anti-splinter layer (which may be a film or a coating).

In one or more embodiments, the curved glass article has a thickness ina range from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm, a radius of curvature in arange from about 250 mm to about 2500 mm (e.g., from about 500 mm toabout 2500 mm, from about 600 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 700 mm toabout 2500 mm, from about 800 mm to about 2500 mm, from about 900 mm toabout 2500 mm, or from about 1000 mm to about 2500 mm), and aCT_(curved-max) magnitude of about 250 MPa or less (e.g., about 225 MPaor less, 200 MPa or less, 175 MPa or less, 150 MPa or less, 125 MPa orless, 100 MPa or less, 90 MPa or less, 80 MPa or less, 75 MPa or less,70 MPa or less, 65 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 55 MPa or less or about50 MPa or less).

The curved glass article of one or more embodiments, further comprises aframe, a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second majorsurface. In one or more specific embodiments, the curved glass articleincludes an adhesive disposed between the first or second major surfaceand the frame, display or touch panel. In one or more embodiments, thedisplay may be liquid crystal display, an OLED display or the like.

A third aspect of this disclosure pertains to an automotive interiorsystem. As shown in FIG. 5, the automotive interior system 300 of one ormore embodiments includes a base 310; and a glass article 320 or acurved glass article 330 disposed on the base. The automotive interiorsystem may include a glass article according to one or more embodimentsof the glass article according to the first aspect, or the curved glassarticle according to the second aspect. In one or more embodiments, theautomotive interior system exhibits superior headform impactperformance. For example, when an impactor having a mass of 6.8 kgimpacts the first major surface of the glass article at an impactvelocity of 5.35 m/s to 6.69 m/s, the deceleration of the impactor is120 g (g-force) or less. The base 310 may include a dashboard, an armrest, a pillar, a seat back, a floor board, a headrest, a door panel, orany portion of an automotive interior. In one or more embodiments, thedeceleration of the impactor is not greater than 80 g for any 3 msinterval over a time of impact. In one or more embodiments of theautomotive interior system, when the impactor breaks the glass article,the glass article ejects particles having a maximum dimension of 1 mm orless at a distance of 10 mm or less or about 5 mm or less from the glassarticle.

In one or more embodiments of the automotive interior system includingcurved glass article, the base may be curved and have a radius ofcurvature that is within 10% of the maximum radius of curvature of thecurved glass article. In one or more embodiments the base may besubstantially flat.

The automotive interior system may include a frame, touchpanel, and/ordisplay disposed between the glass article and the base. Optionally, thesystem may include a housing that at least partially surrounds thesecond major surface of the glass article and the minor surface. In oneor more embodiments, the housing may partially surround the frame. Theframe and/or housing, if used, may be formed from a stiff plasticmaterial or a metal (e.g., steel, steel alloy, magnesium, magnesiumalloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy or any other known metal used in theautomotive industry or an alloy thereof). In one or more embodiments,the frame and/or housing material may be stiffened by including ribs orother structures to provide increased stiffness to eth frame and/orhousing. In one or more embodiments, the automotive interior systemincludes an adhesive or other fastener between the glass article and aframe. The automotive interior system may include an adhesive betweenthe glass article and the display and/or touch panel.

In one or more embodiments, the automotive interior system includes abase, and a glass article 310 disposed on the base with the second majorsurface adjacent the base, wherein, when an impactor having a mass of6.8 kg impacts the first major surface at an impact velocity of 5.35 m/sto 6.69 m/s, the glass article is elastically deformed. As used herein,the phrase “elastically deformed” means the glass article experiences atemporary shape change that is self-reversing after the impact force isremoved, such that the glass article returns to its original shape. Inone or more embodiments, the deceleration of the impactor is 120 g(g-force) or less or is not greater than 80 g for any 3 ms interval overa time of impact.

In one or more embodiments, the automotive interior system includes aframe disposed between the glass article and the base, wherein when theimpactor impacts the first major surface, a portion of the frame isplastically deformed. In one or more embodiments, the automotiveinterior system includes a housing disposed between the glass articleand the base that at least partially encloses the second major surfaceand the minor surface, wherein, when the impactor impacts the firstmajor surface, a portion of the housing is plastically deformed.

As used herein, phrase “plastically deformed” means permanentdeformation of the material due to stress or impact. In instances ofglass materials, such materials are brittle enough such that plasticdeformation leads to fracture or breakage. Accordingly, in one or moreembodiments, the glass article experiences only elastic deformation andnot plastic deformation. In one or more embodiments, the plasticdeformation of the frame and/or housing locally, elastically deforms theglass article. In one or more embodiments, such elastic deformation maybe held permanently by the adhesive between the frame and the glassarticle (though the glass article itself does not experience plasticdeformation). Such behavior may be observed by removing the glassarticle from the frame and observing the temporary nature of the shapechange to the glass article caused by the plastically deformed frame.Such behavior may also be observed by measuring the stress on the firstmajor surface and the second major surface of the glass articles, whichshould have different compressive stress values. In such evaluations,the glass article may be described as being cold-bent by the plasticdeformation of the frame. In one or more embodiments, a portion of theglass article adjacent the plastically deformed portion of the frame orhousing has a radius of curvature that is less than the radius ofcurvature of the glass article before impact. In one or moreembodiments, the first or second major surface of the glass articlecomprises a plurality of radii of curvature (as measured along suchmajor surface). In one or more embodiments, the plurality of radii ofcurvature are about 20 mm or greater (as described herein). In one ormore embodiments, the glass article comprises a periphery adjacent theminor edge and a center, and wherein the periphery comprises a radius ofcurvature that is less than a radius of curvature at the center.

In one or more embodiments, the first or second major surface of theglass article comprises a concavely curved portion adjacent a convexlycurved portion. The concavely curved portion and the convexly curvedportion comprise a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater (asdescribed herein). In one or more embodiments, the glass articlecomprises a periphery adjacent the minor edge and a center, and whereinthe periphery comprises one of the convexly curved portion and theconcavely curved portion, and the center comprises the other of theconvexly curved portion and the concavely curved portion.

In one or more embodiments, the automotive interior system includes aframe, and a curved glass article 320 disposed on the frame with thesecond major surface adjacent the frame, wherein, when an impactorhaving a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the first major surface at an impactvelocity of 5.35 m/s to 6.69 m/s, the glass article is elasticallydeformed. In one or more embodiments, the deceleration of the impactoris 120 g (g-force) or less or is not greater than 80 g for any 3 msinterval over a time of impact. In one or more embodiments, when theimpactor impacts the first major surface, a portion of the frame isplastically deformed. In one or more embodiments, the automotiveinterior system includes a housing, wherein the frame is disposedbetween the glass article and the housing and the housing at leastpartially encloses the frame, the second major surface and the minorsurface, wherein, when the impactor impacts the first major surface, aportion of the housing is plastically deformed.

In one or more embodiments, the plastically deformed portion of theframe or housing locally elastically deforms the glass article 320. Inone or more embodiments, at least a portion of the glass articleadjacent the plastically deformed portion of the frame or housing has aradius of curvature that is less than the radius of curvature of theglass article before impact. In one or more embodiments, the first orsecond major surface comprises a plurality of radii of curvature (whichmay be about 20 mm or greater, as described herein). In one or moreembodiments, glass article 320 comprises a periphery adjacent the minoredge and a center, and wherein the periphery comprises a radius ofcurvature that is less than a radius of curvature at the center.

In one or more embodiments, the first or second major surface comprisesa concavely curved portion adjacent a convexly curved portion. In one ormore embodiments, the concavely curved portion and the convexly curvedportion comprise a radius of curvature of about 20 mm or greater. In oneor more embodiments, the glass article 320 comprises a peripheryadjacent the minor edge and a center, and wherein the peripherycomprises one of the convexly curved portion and the concavely curvedportion, and the center comprises the other of the convexly curvedportion and the concavely curved portion. In one or more embodiments,the frame is curved and has a radius of curvature that is within 10% ofthe maximum radius of curvature.

A fourth aspect of this disclosure pertains to a method for forming aglass article. In one or more embodiments, the method includesstrengthening a glass sheet having a first major surface, a second majorsurface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and thesecond major surface defining a thickness (t) to provide a firststrengthened glass article as described herein in accordance with one ormore embodiments. In one or more embodiments, strengthening the glasssheet comprises chemically strengthening the glass sheet. Chemicallystrengthening the glass sheet may include immersing the glass sheet in amolten salt bath of KNO₃, NaNO₃ or a combination of KNO₃ and NaNO₃,having a temperature in a range from about 310° C. to about 450° C., fora duration of from about 2 hours to about 40 hours to provide astrengthened glass article. In some embodiments, chemicallystrengthening the glass sheet comprises immersing the strengthened glassarticle (after immersion in a first molten salt bath) in a second amolten salt bath of KNO₃, NaNO₃ or a combination of KNO₃ and NaNO₃,having a temperature in a range from about 310° C. to about 450° C., fora duration of from about 2 hours to about 40 hours. Without being boundby theory, it is believed that ion exchanging the glass sheet in twosuccessive molten salt baths provides a stress profile with a greaterCSmax, while maintaining a near constant DOL value, when compared toglass sheets that are ion exchanged in a single molten salt bath.

In one or more embodiments, one or both of the molten salt bathsincludes an additional salt that may be one or more of: K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃,K₃PO₄, Na₃PO₄, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄, K₃BO₃, Na₃BO₃, KCl, NaCl, KF, and NaF. Theadditional salt is added to a conventional molten salt bath (e.g.,nitrates such as KNO₃ and/or NaNO₃) as a dissolved liquid solute so thatthe ion exchange process is carried out and IOX efficiency can beenhanced. The selection of the additional salt(s) and how to use themmay be guided by thermochemical calculations of a molten nitrate salt ofa metal ion with an additional salt of the same metal ion but differinganion. Two factors can be obtained from this thermochemical calculation.One factor is solubility of a salt in the molten nitrate salt, whichdetermines an upper limit of the additional salt in the molten nitratesalt solution. A second factor is a ratio of oxide activities(a_(K20)/a_(Na20)) where a_(K20) and a_(Na20) are the activities of K₂Oand Na₂O, respectively. The ratio of oxide activities (a_(K20)/a_(Na20))can be used as a merit parameter to measure the IOX efficiency of K⁺↔Na⁺ion exchange of a salt solution.

In one or more embodiments, the method includes curving the strengthenedglass article to have a curved configuration. In one or moreembodiments, the curved configuration is permanent.

In one or more embodiments, the method includes affixing a frame,display or touch panel to the glass article or curved glass article asdescribed herein to provide a module; and affixing the module to a baseof an automotive interior system. In one or more embodiments, affixingthe frame, display or touch panel to the glass article comprises curvingthe glass article before affixing the display or touch panel to thecurved glass article. In one or more embodiments, affixing the frame,display or touch panel to the glass article comprises curving the glassarticle simultaneously with affixing the display or touch panel to thecurved glass article. In one or more embodiments, a portion of the firstmajor surface of the curved glass article comprises a concave surfaceand the opposing portion of the second major surface comprises a convexsurface.

In one or more embodiments, the method includes affixing the frame,display or touch panel to the first major surface and optionally,affixing the frame, display or touch panel to the second major surface.In one or more embodiments, the method includes disposing an adhesivelayer between the curved glass article and the frame, display or touchpanel.

EXAMPLES

Various embodiments will be further clarified by the following examples.

Example 1

A glass article having a thickness of 0.7 mm was chemically strengthenedto exhibit a CSmax of about 1000 MPa and a DOL of about 30 micrometersby immersing in a single molten salt bath. The strengthened glassarticle was then cold-bent to exhibit various radii of curvature. Themaximum CS was measured at the first major concave surface and thesecond major convex surface for each radius of curvature. In addition,the DOL was measured from the first major concave surface and the secondmajor convex surface. The measured CS and DOL values for each radius ofcurvature, are shown the table in FIGS. 6A and 6B. When the glassarticle is cold-bent, the DOL increases significantly with decreasingradius of curvature on the first major concave surface; however, the DOLon the second major convex surface does not decrease significantly forthe same radius of curvature. In particular, the DOL on the first majorconcave surface more than doubles when the glass article is cold bentfrom a radius of curvature of 500 mm to 250 mm. The DOL on the secondmajor convex surface only decreases by slightly more than 10% when theglass article is cold-bent from a radius of curvature of 500 mm to 250mm.

The CTmax was also measured at the various radii of curvature. As shownin FIG. 6C, the CTmax increases with decreasing radius of curvature. Atradius of curvatures of 600 mm or greater, the CTmax is maintained belowabout 70 MPa, which, without being bound by theory, is believed toresult in superior headform impact performance.

Example 2

A glass article having a thickness of 1.1 mm and a glass composition ofabout 63.6 mol % SiO2, 15.7 mol % Al2O3, 10.8 mol % Na2O, 6.24 mol %Li2O, 1.16 mol % ZnO, 2.5 mol % P2O5 and 0.04 mol % SnO2 was chemicallystrengthened in a two-step ion exchange process. The glass article wasfirst immersed in a first molten salt bath having a composition of 75%KNO3 and 25% NaNO3 and a temperature of 430° C. for 8 hours, and thenimmersed in a second molten salt bath having a composition of 100% KNO3and temperature of 390° C. for 4 hours. The resulting strengthened glassarticle exhibited a CSmax of about 1030 MPa and a DOL of about 37micrometers, a DOC of 165 micrometers, and a CTmax of about 55 MPa. Thestress profile of the glass article is shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG.7, CTmax (or CT_(uncurved-max)) is located at a depth of about 0.5 t.The CT region comprises a parabolic-like shape, as described herein.

The glass article was then cold-bent to exhibit a radius of curvature of350 mm. The bend induced stress for such a radius of curvature isplotted in FIG. 8. The maximum tensile stress at the major concavesurface is 125 MPa. The bend induced stress is given as:σ=σ_(max)−(σ_(max)/(t/2) where σ_(max)=(E/1−v²)*(1/R). In this example,E=76.3 GPa, Poisson's ratio=0.211, t=1.1 mm, R=350 mm.

In FIG. 9, the stress profile of the glass article from FIG. 7 issuperimposed on the bend induced stress plot of FIG. 8. As shown in FIG.9, the CT_(curved-max) is 99 MPa. The CSmax1 on the concave surface is1155 MPa, the CSmax2 on the convex surface is 905 MPa. The DOC1 on theconcave surface is 377 micrometers and the DOC2 on the convex surface is27 micrometers.

Comparative Example 3

A glass article having a thickness of 1.1 mm and the same glasscomposition as Example 2 was chemically strengthened to exhibit atypical error function profile as shown in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 10,the CSmax was 1030 MPa, the DOC is 37 micrometers, and the CTmax is 37MPa and located at a depth of 62 micrometers, which is much closer inlocation to the first major surface than Example 2.

The glass article of Comparative Example 3 was cold-bent to a radius ofcurvature of 350 mm. In FIG. 11, the stress profile of FIG. 10 and thebend induced stress plot of FIG. 8 are superimposed. As shown in FIG.11, although the CTmax from chemical strengthening is only 37 MPa (asshown in FIG. 10), the resultant CT_(curved-max) following cold-bendingis 149 MPa. This resultant CT_(curved-max) value is significantly higherthan Example 2 (in FIG. 9). As also shown in FIG. 11, CSmax1 of thefirst major concave surface was 1155 MPa, and DOC1 of the first majorconcave surface was 388 micrometers. CSmax2 and DOC2 of the second majorconvex surface were 905 MPa and 26 micrometers, respectively.

Table 1 shows the CT_(curved-max) for other radii of curvature forExample 2 and Comparative Example 3.

TABLE 1 Comparison of CT_(curved-max) for Example 2 and ComparativeExample 3 for various radii of curvature. Example 2 Comparative Example3 Radius of CT_(curved-max) Radius of CT_(curved-max) curvature (mm)(MPa) curvature (mm) (MPa) 100 391 100 432 150 255 150 299 200 181 200233 250 146 250 193 300 119 300 167 350 99 350 149 400 85 400 134 450 70450 123

FIG. 12 is a bar chart comparing the CTcurved-max values for Example 2and Comparative Example 3 for each radius of curvature of Table 1.

As shown in FIG. 12, the strengthened glass articles of Example 2exhibit a stress profile that maintains CTcurved-max values at lowerlevels after the glass-article is cold-bent. This permits the glassarticles to be shaped into curved shapes having a lower radius ofcurvature, while maintaining headform impact performance.

Example 4

A glass article having a thickness of 0.7 mm and the same glasscomposition as Example 2 was chemically strengthened in the same twostep ion exchange process as Example 2. The resulting strengthened glassarticle exhibited a CSmax of about 970 MPa and a DOC of about 39micrometers and a CTmax (or CTuncurved-max) of 53 MPa. The stressprofile is shown in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 13, the stress profileincludes a tail that extends into the center tension region; however,the parabolic-like shape of the stress profile is maintained such thatCTmax is located at a depth approaching about 0.5 t.

The glass article was then cold-bent to exhibit a radius of curvature of250 mm. The bend induced stress for such a radius of curvature isplotted in FIG. 14. The maximum tensile stress at the major concavesurface is 112 MPa. The bend induced stress is given as:σ=σ_(max)−(σ_(max)/(t/2) where σ_(max)=(E/1−v²)*(1/R). In this example,E=76.3 GPa, Poisson's ratio=0.211, =1.1 mm, R=250 mm.

In FIG. 15, the stress profile of the glass article from FIG. 13 issuperimposed on the bend induced stress plot of FIG. 14. As shown inFIG. 15, the CT_(curved-max) is 112 MPa. The CSmax1 on the concavesurface is 1082 MPa, the CSmax2 on the convex surface is 858 MPa. TheDOC1 on the concave surface is 216 micrometers and the DOC2 on theconvex surface is 26 micrometers.

Comparative Example 5

A glass article having a thickness of 0.7 mm and the same glasscomposition as Example 2 was chemically strengthened to exhibit atypical error function profile as shown in FIG. 16. As shown in FIG. 16,the CSmax was 970 MPa, the DOC was 39 micrometers, and the CTmax was 60MPa and located at a depth of 80 micrometers, which is much closer inlocation to the first major surface than Example 4.

The glass article of Comparative Example 5 was cold-bent to a radius ofcurvature of 250 mm. In FIG. 17, the stress profile of FIG. 16 and thebend induced stress plot of FIG. 14 are superimposed. As shown in FIG.17, although the CTmax from chemical strengthening is only 60 MPa (asshown in FIG. 16), the resultant CT_(curved-max) following cold-bendingis 149 MPa. This resultant CT_(curved-max) value is significantly higherthan Example 4 (in FIG. 15). As also shown in FIG. 17, CSmax1 of thefirst major concave surface was 1082 MPa, and DOC1 of the first majorconcave surface was 162 micrometers. CSmax2 and DOC2 of the second majorconvex surface were 858 MPa and 29 micrometers, respectively.

Table 2 shows the CT_(curved-max) for other radii of curvature forExample 4 and Comparative Example 5.

TABLE 2 Comparison of CT_(curved-max) for Example 4 and ComparativeExample 5 for various radii of curvature. Example 4 Comparative Example5 Radius of CT_(curved-max) Radius of CT_(curved-max) curvature (mm)(MPa) curvature (mm) (MPa) 100 259 100 288 150 178 150 211 200 136 200172 250 112 250 149 300 95 300 134 350 84 350 123 400 75 400 115 450 68450 109

As shown in Table 2, the strengthened glass articles of Example 4exhibit a stress profile that maintains CTcurved-max values at lowerlevels after the glass-article is cold-bent. This permits the glassarticles to be shaped into curved shapes having a lower radius ofcurvature, while maintaining headform impact performance.

FIG. 18 is a graph comparing the longest distance of particle projectionof glass articles exhibiting various CTcurved-max/CTuncurved-max ratios.FIG. 18 shows that the stress profiles according to the embodimentsdescribed herein have improved headform impact performance. The longestdistance of particle projection is a proxy for headform impact test. Thelonger a particle is ejected, the higher the CTcurved-max. HigherCTcurved-max values indicate poor headform impact performance. HigherCTcurved-max values indicate that when the glass article is impacted ina headform impact test, the glass will break and thus fail the test. Asshown in FIG. 18, the open markers all have stress profiles according tothe embodiments described herein and exhibited shorter particleprojection distances than the corresponding solid markers, indicatingknown error-function stress profiles.

Example 6

A glass article having a thickness of 1.1 mm and the same glasscomposition as Example 2 was chemically strengthened by immersing in afirst bath having a composition of 75% KNO₃ and 25% NaNO₃ and bathtemperature of 430° C. for 8 hours, followed by immersing in a secondbath having a composition of 100% KNO₃ and bath temperature of 390° C.for 4 hours. The chemically strengthened glass article exhibited astress profile as shown in FIG. 19 (when flat or in a non-cold-bentconfiguration), which was calculated after measuring various stressprofile attributes using RNF, FSM and SCALP. As shown in FIG. 19, theCS_(max) was 1030 MPa, DOC was 165 micrometers, and the CT_(max) was 55MPa. The knee region had a DOL of about 37 micrometers and the CS in theknee region is about 25 MPa. As shown by the dashed line, the CS at adepth of 5 micrometers is about 750 MPa or greater.

Example 7

A glass article having a thickness of 0.7 mm and the same glasscomposition as Example 2 was chemically strengthened in the same manneras Example 6. The chemically strengthened glass article exhibited astress profile as shown in FIG. 20 (when flat or in a non-cold-bentconfiguration), which was calculated after measuring various stressprofile attributes using RNF, FSM and SCALP. As shown in FIG. 20, theCS_(max) was 970 MPa, DOC was 39 micrometers, and the CT_(max) was 53MPa. As shown by the dashed line, the CS at a depth of 5 micrometers isabout 750 MPa or greater.

Example 8

A glass article having a thickness of 0.7 mm and the same glasscomposition as Example 2 was chemically strengthened by immersing in afirst bath having a composition of 75% KNO₃ and 25% NaNO₃ and bathtemperature of 430° C. for 8 hours, followed by immersing in a secondbath having a composition of 100% KNO₃ and bath temperature of 390° C.for 2.5 hours. The chemically strengthened glass article exhibited astress profile as shown in FIG. 21 (when flat or in a non-cold-bentconfiguration), which was calculated after measuring various stressprofile attributes using RNF, FSM and SCALP. As shown in FIG. 21, theCS_(max) was 1011 MPa, DOC was 97 micrometers, and the CT_(max) was 62MPa. The knee region had a DOL of about 39 micrometers and the CS in theknee region is about 25 MPa. As shown by the dashed line, the CS at adepth of 5 micrometers is about 750 MPa or greater.

A comparison of the stress profiles of Example 7 and Example 8 is shownin FIG. 22. As shown in FIG. 22, the modified second immersion shows thestress profile of Example 8 maintains a higher CSmax value and the tailportion of the stress profile is in compression and in tension.

Example 9 and Comparative Examples 10-11

Each of Examples 9 and Comparative Examples 10-11 included an automotiveinterior system that includes a glass article 410 in which the secondmajor surface 411 is attached to a frame 420 with an interveningadhesive (not shown), and a housing (430) partially surrounding thesecond major surface and the frame, as shown in FIG. 24. Example 9included a glass article 412 according to one or more embodiments ofthis disclosure. Comparative Example 10 included a strengthened sodalime silicate glass article 414 with a known stress profile. ComparativeExample 11 included a strengthened aluminosilicate glass article 416with a known stress profile. The frame and housing were both made of thesame metal material.

Each of Examples 9 and Comparative Examples 10-11 was impacted with analuminum impactor 500 having a mass of 6.8 kg and a diameter of about165 mm, at a velocity of 6.69 m/s. The energy of impact is 152 Joules.

FIG. 25A shows Example 9 before impact. FIG. 25B shows Example 9 duringimpact. FIG. 25C shows Example 9 after impact. As shown in FIG. 25C, theglass article 412 elastically deforms (and does not break) after impact.The measured displacement of the glass article 412 was 32 mm. In Example9, the housing plastically deforms, but the glass article does notplastically deform.

FIG. 26A shows Comparative Example 10 before impact. FIG. 26B showsComparative Example 10 during impact. FIG. 26C shows Comparative Example10 after impact. As shown in FIG. 26C, the glass article 414 plasticallydeforms and breaks after impact. In Comparative Example 10, the housingplastically deforms.

FIG. 27A shows Comparative Example 11 before impact. FIG. 27B showsComparative Example 11 during impact. FIG. 27C shows Comparative Example11 after impact. As shown in FIG. 27C, the glass article 416 plasticallydeforms and breaks after impact. In Comparative Example 11, the housingplastically deforms.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A glass article comprising: a first majorsurface, a second major surface opposing the first major surface, aminor surface connecting the first major surface and the second majorsurface defining a thickness (t) (millimeters); a compressive stress(CS) region extending from the first major surface to a depth ofcompression (DOC), the CS region comprising a maximum CS magnitude(CS_(max)) of about 900 MPa or greater and a CS magnitude of 750 MPa orgreater at a depth of about 5 micrometers; and a central tension (CT)region having a maximum CT magnitude (CT_(max)) disposed at a depth fromthe first major surface in a range from about 0.25 t to about 0.75 t,wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile alongthe thickness.
 2. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the CT_(max)magnitude is about 80 MPa or less.
 3. The glass article of claim 1,wherein the all points of the CT region within 0.1 t from the depth ofCT_(max) comprise a tangent having a non-zero slope.
 4. The glassarticle of claim 1, wherein the DOC that is about 0.2 t or less.
 5. Theglass article of claim 1, wherein the CT_(max) is disposed at a depthfrom the first major surface in a range from about 0.4 t to about 0.6 t.6. The glass article of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of thestress profile comprises a spike region extending from the first majorsurface, a tail region and a knee region between the spike region andthe tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the spikeregion comprise a tangent having a slope in magnitude that is in a rangefrom about 15 MPa/micrometer to about 200 MPa/micrometer and all pointsin the tail region comprise a tangent having a slope in magnitude thatis in a range from about 0.01 MPa/micrometer to about 3 MPa/micrometer.7. The glass article of claim 6, wherein the CS magnitude in the spikeregion is in a range from greater than 200 MPa to about 1500 MPa.
 8. Theglass article of claim 7, wherein the tail region extends from about theknee region to the depth of CT_(max), and wherein the tail regioncomprises one or both of a compressive stress tail region, and a tensilestress tail region.
 9. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the glassarticle is in a substantially flat configuration or a permanently curvedconfiguration.
 10. The glass article of claim 1, further comprising aframe, a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second majorsurface.
 11. The glass article of claim 10, further comprising anadhesive disposed between the first or second major surface and theframe, display or touch panel.
 12. The glass article of claim 1, whereineither one of or both the first major surface and the second majorsurface comprises a surface treatment.
 13. The glass article of claim12, wherein the surface treatment comprises any one of an easy-to-cleansurface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a hapticsurface, and a decorative surface.
 14. The glass article of 12, whereinthe surface treatment comprises at least two of any one of aneasy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflectivesurface, a haptic surface, and a decorative surface.
 15. The glassarticle of claim 13, wherein the anti-glare surface comprises an etchedsurface, and wherein the anti-reflective surface comprises a multi-layercoating.
 16. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the glass article issubstantially free of an anti-splinter film.
 17. An automotive interiorsystem comprising: a base; and a glass article according to claim 1,disposed on the base with the second major surface adjacent the base,and wherein, when an impactor having a mass of 6.8 kg impacts the firstmajor surface at an impact velocity of 5.35 m/s to 6.69 m/s, the glassarticle is elastically deformed.
 18. The automotive interior system ofclaim 17, further comprising one of a frame disposed between the glassarticle and the base, wherein when the impactor impacts the first majorsurface, a portion of the frame is plastically deformed, and a housingdisposed between the glass article and the base that at least partiallyencloses the second major surface and the minor surface, wherein, whenthe impactor impacts the first major surface, a portion of the housingis plastically deformed.
 19. The automotive interior system of claim 18,wherein the plastically deformed portion of the frame or housing locallyelastically deforms the glass article.
 20. The automotive interiorsystem of claim 18, wherein at least a portion of the glass articleadjacent the plastically deformed portion of the frame or housing has aradius of curvature that is less than the radius of curvature of theglass article before impact.